Following my look at integrating Ansible Tower with Windows, I thought I’d take a look at another common requirement that needs some slight tweaking (though not nearly to the extent of Windows), networking devices, specifically Cisco devices running IOS, ASA and NX-OS platforms.

Networking - It’s Built In

Unlike the additional layers of configuration that comes with Windows, the use of Cisco platforms is native to Ansible, however some steps can be a little less that clear in the documentation, especially if you’re jumping right in.

Typically in Tower we will map a Credential object to a Template and have that credential interact with our endpoint(s) at run time, however the nature of network Operating Systems in Ansible provides us with a few little quirks to be aware of.

Configuring a Credential

Despite Tower offering a Network credential type, it is my experience that the Machine credential type is much more suitable for these kind of connections, especially if we’re using a Firewall or Switch. This is due to this credential type accepting specific Privilege Escalation types. Since we typically aren’t going to want to give accounts auto exec 15 if we can avoid it, we’ll build an enable in to the Credential object:

This credential should now be suitable to connect to an endpoint you define by hostname or IP address as being your Cisco Switch(es) or Firewall(s)? Right? Well, not yet.

Execution on the Ansible Controller

Most network devices (except the newest and coolest) can’t run python locally, so our commands need to be executed in a sane environment (on the Ansible controller) and then sent to a spawned console on the remote node(s), in this case your IOS/ASA/NX-OS endpoints.

In order to achieve this, we need to tell Ansible Tower what we’re actually pointing at ahead of time, this can be done by setting some directives against either the Inventory, Group, Template or Playbook ( depending on your design):

ansible_become: 'yes' #--Allows us to use the enable directive
ansible_become_method: enable #--Specified that the escalation method is "enable"
ansible_connection: network_cli #--Specifies that we wish to spawn a CLI on the remote node, overrides the default of ssh
ansible_network_os: ios #--The OS of the remote device

Keep in mind that the inheritance of variables and directives in Ansible Tower is top down Inventory > Group > Template > Playbook and there is no need to set the same value twice if it has already been declared higher up.

Other Options, beyond ASA and beyond Cisco

The above example is only suitable for a CLI on IOS devices of course (as the ansible_network_os value is set to ios and the ansible_connection is set to network_cli), there are other options that can be used however and these venture not only beyond ASA but beyond Cisco:

#--Operating System Options
ansible_network_os: asa #--Cisco ASA (Firewalls)
ansible_network_os: iosxr #--Cisco IOS XR (Carrier Grade Routers)
ansible_network_os: nxos #--Cisco NX-OS (Nexus Switches)
ansible_network_os: junos #--Juniper JUNOS (Firewalls and Switches)
ansible_network_os: vyos #--VyOS
ansible_network_os: eos #--Arista EOS

#--Network Connection Options
ansible_connection: httpapi #--HTTP API (for devices with a suitable API)
ansible_connection: netconf #--XML Over SSH (for devices which support netconf)

Running the Playbook

From here we can now run any modules (or arbitrary commands) without needing to expose authentication within the Playbook code.

For example we can run the below Playbook from a Template which is linked to the Credential we created earlier (assuming that the appropriate directives have been linked to the Inventory/Group/Template) to create a static route, as you see no credentials have been exposed in code:

---
- name: Add_static_route
  hosts: 192.168.10.254
  gather_facts: false
  any_errors_fatal: true
  
  tasks:
  - name: Add static route
    ios_static_route:
      prefix: 192.168.20.0
      mask: 255.255.255.0
      next_hop: 10.0.0.1
...

Simple :)